Septic - not so long ago very few people knew about this term.
Today, if not the majority, then many understand that this refers to one of the main parts of an autonomous sewage system.
First of all, it is known to people who have a cottage or a cottage, who themselves must clean up and dispose of sewage.
In principle, most owners of private homes try to do most of the work with their own hands, as it is more reliable and not so expensive. Installing a septic tank is not such a difficult task, and any owner can do it. This material will be devoted to this particular issue.
Do-it-yourself septic tank for home: what is it and what is it used for
First, let's figure out what a septic tank is. According to SNiP, a septic tank is a device whose main purpose is the treatment of household waste through mechanical treatment. Final post-treatment can be carried out in the following locations:
field (filtering underground);
sand and gravel filter;
trench (filter);
well (filter).
A standard example of installing a septic tank near a house
In other words, a septic tank is one of the most important elements of treatment that does not have a purpose for the final stage of wastewater treatment.
Attention! According to SNiP, a septic tank in its functionality is intended exclusively for preliminary purification from insoluble particles, fermentation of sediments with further mineralization.
Do-it-yourself septic tank for a house made of reinforced concrete rings
One of the most popular and simple self-made septic tanks is a device built from reinforced concrete rings. He builds up pretty quickly:
1) First of all, you need to prepare the rings (1 m diameter) and the crane. There is no way to do without the latter, since the rings are very heavy, and it is practically impossible to lift them manually;
2) a septic tank must be made at least 5 m3, so five rings should be quite enough. To calculate the exact volume, you need to determine the amount of water that is used in the house. Thus, the number of people who live in it is a fundamental factor in determining the volume of a septic tank;
3) as a rule, a septic tank made of reinforced concrete rings is installed vertically in order to save a significant amount of space on the site. Installation begins with earthwork. To do this, dig a hole with a diameter of 1.3 m and a depth that will correspond to the height of five rings;
4) the bottom should be well leveled and compacted, after which sand is poured onto it with a layer of 15 cm;
5) after that you need to install the rings. They must be installed on top of each other exactly with the diameter dimensions;
Ring setting
6) then we thoroughly concrete the bottom of the resulting container. The main thing in this business is strength, since he will need to work for a long time under high pressure and an increased level of alkali and acids. To do this, it is recommended to install a frame made of metal fittings, which can be welded independently, or make an order in any welding workshop;
7) the reinforcement cage must be laid to the bottom and poured with a solution of concrete in the following ratio:
cement (1 part);
crushed stone (3);
sand (2);
water (1).
Attention! Professionals advise first to mix cement and water, and then add crushed stone and sand to them.
8) after the bottom of our structure is flooded with a solution of concrete, leave for a while so that it freezes;
9) then we lower ourselves into a makeshift reinforced concrete container and close up all the joints between the rings for their maximum tightness. The best option is a cement based sealant;
10) at the end we prepare and install the lid. It can also be made by hand using formwork and a reinforced frame. Septic is ready!
Do-it-yourself septic tank for a house made of cast concrete
This option is very durable and tight, but it requires serious time and labor. To engage in its manufacture, you need to make and install the formwork from one of the following materials:
boards;
metal sheet;
corrugated board;
plywood and other flat durable materials.
Monolithic concrete septic tank
The installation process of a monolithic septic tank looks like this:
1) first you need to install the formwork. To simplify its installation, select the shape of a rectangle under the septic tank. A pit with slightly larger dimensions will be dug under it. The walls of the pit need to be worked out well so that it is as flat and smooth as possible and tamped. Formwork in this case will form the inner wall of the tank;
2) at the corners of the pit should be placed logs to which boards will be fixed on the outside. Thus, a box will be formed inside the pit, from within which the walls will be strengthened with struts and beams;
3) then the metal armature is prepared and exposed in the space between the walls, pour concrete.
Attention! The filling must be prepared constantly, the maximum idle time is 1 hour.
4) necessarily bayonet stacked solution. For him, you can use any materials at hand (pieces of reinforcement, pipes, a shovel, crowbar, and so on). This is necessary in order to release the air left there during manufacture, since it can significantly reduce the quality of the structure;
5) after the walls are filled in, leave the product for a week so that the solution solidifies. Only then can the formwork be removed;
6) the further process of work is completely identical to the first option, this applies to both the filling of the bottom and the manufacture of the roof.
Remember, a properly designed and constructed septic tank is the key to the proper functioning of the sewer system in the house.
